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T. S. Eliot's Ariel poems
T. S. Eliot's Ariel poems are those written for Faber and Faber's series of ''Ariel Poems''. All but "Triumphal March" also appear in his book ''Collected Poems: 1909–1962'' under the heading ''Ariel Poems''.
==Writing and publication history==
In 1925, Eliot became a poetry editor at the London publishing firm of Faber & Gwyer, Ltd.,〔Murphy, Russell Elliott. ''Critical Companion to T. S. Eliot: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work''. (New York: Facts on File/InfoBase Publishing, 2007).〕 after a career in banking, and subsequent to the success of his earlier poems, including "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" (1915), "Gerontion" (1920) and "The Waste Land" (1922).
In 1927, Eliot was asked by his employer, Geoffrey Faber, one of the partners in Faber & Gwyer, to write one poem each year for a series of illustrated pamphlets with holiday themes to be sent to the firms clients and business acquaintances as Christmas greetings.〔 This series, called the "Ariel Series", would release 38 pamphlets from a selection of English writers and poets from 1927 through 1931. The first poem that Eliot wrote, "The Journey of the Magi", was released as the eighth in the series in August 1927.〔Eliot, T(homas). S(tearns). "The Journey of the Magi" (London: Faber & Gwyer, 1927).〕 For the second, "A Song for Simeon", Eliot turned to an event at the end of Nativity narrative in the Gospel of Luke. Faber released this pamphlet, the sixteenth in the series on 24 September 1928.〔Timmerman, John H. ''T. S. Eliot’s Ariel Poems: The Poetics of Recovery''. (Lewisburg, Pennsylvania: Bucknell University Press, 1994), 117–123.〕〔Moody, A. David. ''Thomas Stearns Eliot: Poet''. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994), 114.〕 Eliot would follow with three more poems, "Animula" in October 1929, "Marina" in September 1930, and "Triumphal March" in October 1931. All five poems were accompanied by illustrations by American avant garde artist, E. McKnight Kauffer.
In 1936, Faber & Faber, the successor firm to Faber & Gwyer, collected "A Song for Simeon" and the four other poems under the heading "Ariel Poems" for an edition of Eliot's collected poems.〔Eliot, T(homas). S(tearns). ''Collected Poems: 1909–1935''. (London: Faber & Faber; New York: Harcourt Brace, 1936); and ''Collected Poems: 1909–1962''. (London: Faber & Faber; New York: Harcourt Brace, 1963).〕 When Faber released the entire series in the 1950s, Eliot included a sixth poem, "The Cultivation of Christmas Trees",〔 which was added to Faber's 1963 edition of his collected poems.〔 Both editions of collected poems were published in the United States by Harcourt, Brace & Company.〔
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